Algorithms

Hamiltonian Cycle

A Circuit in a graph G that passes through every vertex exactly once is called a "Hamilton Cycle". The Worst Case complexity when used with DFS and back tracking is O(N!).

C++

Storage classes in C++

Storage class is used to define the lifetime and visibility of a variable and/or function within a C++ program.These specifiers precede the type that they modify. They are Automatic, External, Static, Register and Mutable

C Programming

Union in C

A union is a special data type available in C that allows to store different data types in the same memory location. You can define a union with many members, but only one member can contain a value at any given time. Unions provide an efficient way of using the same memory location for multiple use

C++

Hierarchical inheritance in C++

When more than one classes are derived from a single base class, such inheritance is known as Hierarchical Inheritance, where features that are common in lower level are included in parent class. We explore hierarchical inheritance in C++

C++

Containers in C++ STL

In C++ STL, Containers or container classes store objects and data. There are in total seven standard “first-class” container classes and three container adaptor classes and only seven header files that provide access to these containers or container adaptors.

C++

Enumeration in C++

Enumeration (or enum) is a user defined data type in C and C++. It is mainly used to assign names to integral constants, the names make a program easy to read and maintain.

C++

while loop in C++

while loop is a most basic loop in C++. while loop has one control condition, and executes as long the condition is true. The condition of the loop is tested before the body of the loop is executed, hence it is called an entry-controlled loop.

C++

User defined functions in C++

A function is a group of statements that together perform a task. Every C++ program has at least one function, which is main(), and all the most trivial programs can define additional functions. Users can create custom functions for code reusability and optimization

Software Engineering

Exceptions in Java

Java has a great and powerful mechanism to handle the exceptions so that normal flow of the application can be maintained. We explore the various types of exceptions, how it is handled by JVM and how it can be handled by users in a custom procedure.

C++

Multimap in C++ STL

Multi-map in C++ is an associative container like map. It internally store elements in key value pair. But unlike map which store only unique keys, multimap can have duplicate keys.

C++

Set in C++ STL

In C++ STL, a set is an Associative container which contains a sorted set of unique objects of type Key. The commonly used functions are begin(), cbegin(), end(), size(), max_size(), empty(), insert(), erase(), emplace() and emplace_hint()

C++

Unordered map in C++ STL

In C++ STL, Unordered map is a dictionary like data structure. The most commonly used methods of unordered_map are at(), begin(), end(), bucket(), bucket_count() / bucket_size(), count(), equal_range(), hash_function(), insert(), reserve() and load_factor()

C++

switch case in C++

A switch statement in C++ allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values. Each value is called a case, and the variable being switched on is checked for each case.

Algorithms

Hamiltonian Path

Hamiltonian Path is a path in a directed or undirected graph that visits each vertex exactly once. The problem to check whether a graph (directed or undirected) contains a Hamiltonian Path is NP-complete, so is the problem of finding all the Hamiltonian Paths in a graph.

C++

do while loop in C++

Do while loop in C++ is an exit controlled loop and hence, it executes at least once even when the test-expression is false initially. We illustrate the concept and usage in C with different examples

C++

Builder Pattern in C++

Builder pattern in C++ aims to “Separate the construction of a complex object from its representation so that the same construction process can create different representations.” It is used to construct a complex object step by step and the final step will return the object.

C++

Default arguments in C++

A default argument in C++ is a value provided in a function declaration that is automatically assigned by the compiler if the caller of the function doesn’t provide a value for the argument with a default value.

Java

Using Threads in Java

Java is a multi-threaded programming language which means we can develop multi-threaded program using Java. A multi-threaded program contains two or more parts that can run concurrently and each part can handle a different task at the same time

Python

Lambda functions in Python

In Python, anonymous function is a function that is defined without a name. While normal functions are defined using the def keyword, in Python anonymous functions are defined using the lambda keyword. Hence, anonymous functions are also called lambda functions.

Java

Overview of Java Servlets

Java Servlets are programs that run on a Web or Application server and act as a middle layer between a requests coming from a Web browser or other HTTP client and databases. We explored Servlet Architecture, Servlet API Hierarchy, Servlet interfaces, Servlet Life Cycle and the life cycle methods

C++

Iterators in C++ STL

Iterators in C++ Standard Template Library are used to point at the memory addresses of STL containers. They are primarily used in sequence of numbers, characters etc. They reduce the complexity and execution time of program.

C++

if else statement in C++

If else statement in C++ are program control statements that are widely used. We explore it and its variants like if else if, nested if else and if statements.

C++

Map in C++ STL

Map in C++ STL is a dictionary like data structure. It is a sequence of (key, value) pair, where only single value is associated with each unique key. It is often referred as associative array.

C++

Reader Writer Problem in C++ using semaphore and monitor

We will focus on solving the Reader Writer problem in C++ by using Semaphores as our first approach and Monitors as our second approach. It is a problem designed to illustrate synchronization within processes.

C Programming

do while loop in C

Do while loop in C is an exit controlled loop and hence, it executes at least once even when the test-expression is false initially. We illustrate the concept and usage in C with different examples