C++

'Call' refers to calling a function. Both of these (Call by Value and Call by Reference) are methods of function invocation. The difference, lies in formal parameters

In this article, we have explained the difference between reference and pointer in C++ in detail. In short, reference is an alternative name for a variable while pointer is a variable that contains memory address of another variable.

In C++, the goto statement is a jump statement used to transfer unconditional control to a specified label. In other words, it allows you to jump from any starting point to any ending point in a program, altering the program's flow.

In C++ language, the assignment operator '=' is used to assign a value to a variable. It is a binary operator and has lower precedence than other operators except comma operator. We have explored this in depth.

Chrono library is also used to measure time elapsed during execution of a C++ program. It can measure the time in seconds, milliseconds , micro seconds and nano seconds.

In this article, we have explored the way to write to a file in C++ in depth and explored opening and closing a file, appending data to the front of a file and appending data to end of a file (default).

Array is a container in C++ STL which are used to store homogeneous (same) type of data and provides several useful functionalities over it. It is a static array.

In this article at OpenGenus, we explored different methods to measure time in C++ which includes time(), clock() and chrono library. This can be used to measure program execution time as well.

We have discussed about how we can insert elements in stack container using push() method provided by C++ STL(Standard Template Library).

There are multiple ways to add two or more strings or a string and an integer in C++. We will explore each method is depth but the easiest approach is to use + operator and the format() method in C++20.

A vector in C++ can be sorted in multiple ways like ascending or descending order, using a custom comparison function, using lambda, sorting a 2D matrix and using nth_element() function.

In this article, we will cover how hashing is natively supported in C++ through STL (std:hash) and how we can use it to generate hash of any object in C++.

The only difference between map and multimap in C++ is that map can only store unique key-value pairs while is multimap, no key value pair is unique.

equal_range() is a built in function for Set container in C++ STL which is used to determine the range of a number or key value passed as a parameter.

unordered_map::bucket for unordered map container in C++ STL is used to check if 2 elements have the same hash and hence, falls into the same bucket.

Relational Operators used with queue c++ STL are overloaded operators which are used to perform appropriate comparisons between two queue objects. The queues are compared element by element.