OpenGenus Tech Review Team - OpenGenus IQ: Learn Algorithms, DL, System Design (Page 103)

Auto Key Cipher

Autokey (Autoclave) Cipher is a Symmetric polyalphabetic (Polyceaser) substitution cipher. This algorithm is about changing plain text letters based on secret key letters.

Software Engineering

Play Fair Cipher

Play Fair Cipher was the first practical digraph substitution cipher. In play fair cipher unlike traditional cipher, we encrypt a pair/digraph of alphabets (digraphs) instead of a single alphabet.

Algorithms

Finding the Largest Element in an Array

We are given an integer array of size N or we can say number of elements is equal to N. We have to find the largest/ maximum element in an array. The time complexity to solve this is linear O(N) and space complexity is O(1).

Software Engineering

How is 'this' reference in Java used?

The 'this' keyword in Java is a reference ( which means it manages some relation ) to the current object where it is called. We have presented 6 usage of this keyword which includes referring to current class instance variable and much more.

Machine Learning (ML)

Bernoulli Naive Bayes

Bernoulli Naive Bayes is used for discrete data and it works on Bernoulli distribution. The main feature of Bernoulli Naive Bayes is that it accepts features only as binary values like true or false, yes or no, success or failure, 0 or 1 and so on.

Software Engineering

begin() and end() in Array C++ STL

In this article, we have explored begin() and end() functions in Array container of C++ STL in depth. We have covered the basic idea of iterators as well as both functions deal with iterators.

Software Engineering

Types of CSS layout

In this article, we have deep dived into the CSS layouts. CSS layouts are mainly used to enhance the beauty of the website and make the website responsive. The various CSS layouts are Normal flow, Flexbox, Grids, Floats, Positioning and Multiple-column layout.

Machine Learning (ML)

How I mastered Machine Learning as a Fresher?

This is a complete guide by Shaurya Bhandari who went through the basics of Machine Learning as a fresher in College on his own. He explains the path he had taken so that you can follow it as well.

Software Engineering

Different ways of Initializing multimap in C++

We have covered the different ways to initialize multimaps which includes inserting elements using make_pair, pair, initializer list, using another multimap, copy constructor and emplace_hint().

Algorithms

Postman Sort

Postman sort works by sorting the integers of an array from their most significant digits to their least significant digits. It is a variant of radix sort.

Software Engineering

Counter Objects in Python

In this article, we have explored Counter Objects in Python in depth. Counter is a part of collections module and is a subclass of a dictionary which is used to keep a track off elements and their count.

Machine Learning (ML)

VGG-11 Architecture

In this article, we have explored VGG-11 model architecture which has 11 layers namely 9 Convolution layers (with 5 MaxPool layers), 2 Fully connected layers and an output layer with softmax activation.

Machine Learning (ML)

The Inception Pre-Trained CNN Model

This is an overview of the Inception pre-trained CNN model along with a detailed description about its versions and network architectures including Inception V1, V2, V3, V4 and Inception-ResNet.

Software Engineering

Getting Started with Flutter Development

This is an introduction to Flutter which is Google’s UI toolkit for building beautiful, natively compiled applications for mobile, web, and desktop from a single codebase. We have covered Flutter use cases and anatomy of a Flutter application.

Software Engineering

Singleton Design Pattern in Java

In this article, we have explored Singleton design pattern in Java in depth and demonstrated several approaches each with its own advantages and shortcoming. We have explored related concepts like early and late initialization as well.

Software Engineering

Different container Data Structures of Python’s Collections Module

In this article, we have explored the different data structures available in Collections module of Python which includes named tuple, counter, deque, default dictionary, ordered dictionary and chainmap.

Software Engineering

Defaultdict (Default Dictionary) in Python

A default dictionary is a dictionary that automatically assigns default values to keys, if queried keys are not present. The default dictionary is Python's intelligent hash table.

Machine Learning (ML)

Complete Guide on different Spell Correction techniques in NLP

This is the complete Guide on different Spell Correction techniques in Natural Language Processing (NLP) where we have explored approximate string matching techniques, coarse search, fine search, symspell, Seq2Seq along with code demonstration.

Algorithms

Number of substrings divisible by 8 but not 3

We need to find total number of substrings that are divisible by 8 but not 3 in the given string. We have solved this problem using Dynamic Programming in linear time O(N) where the brute force approach takes O(N^2) time.

Algorithms

Minimum number of operations to make GCD of an array K

We are given an array and we need to find the minimum number of operations required to make GCD of the array equal to k. Where an operation could be either increment or decrement an array element by 1. We have solved this in O(N log N) time complexity.

Machine Learning (ML)

Normalization in Machine Learning: A Breakdown in detail

In this article, we have explored Normalization in detail and presented the algorithmic steps. We have covered all types like Batch normalization, Weight normalization and Layer normalization.

Algorithms

Reverse a linked list using 2 pointers technique using XOR operator

You must have come across reversing a linked list using 3 pointers technique which is the most common approach to do it. But do you know how to reverse a linked list with just 2 pointers? This article will teach you just that! Let's dive into it.

Software Engineering

Linear Search in C Programming Language

We have explored Linear Search algorithm and implemented variants of Linear Search in C Programming Language. The variants we have explored are Linear Search in array in C, Linear Search in Linked List in C, Linear Search in array with duplicates and Linear Search in Linked List with duplicates.

Machine Learning (ML)

Techniques for Time Series Prediction

We have covered different techniques for Time series prediction which involves using Artificial Neural Networks like Single Layer NN, RNN, LSTM, using Stochastic models like ARMA, ARIMA, SAIMA and using Support Vector Machines.

Software Engineering

Implement Memory Efficient Applications in Node.JS

In this article, we explored how to implement Memory Efficient Applications in Node.JS. We covered topics like buffers, streams, readable streams, writable streams and piping in Node.JS.