20 Python Programs to Print Different Patterns

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Introduction
Code
Complexity
Applications
Questions
Conclusion

Introduction

Python is a versatile programming language that can be used for a wide range of tasks. One of its many applications is creating patterns using code. In this article, we will explore 20 different Python programs that can be used to print various patterns.
List of patterns covered :-

Square Pattern
Right Triangle Pattern
Left Triangle Pattern
Inverted Right Triangle Pattern
Inverted Left Triangle Pattern
Pyramid Pattern
Inverted Pyramid Pattern
Diamond Pattern
Hourglass Pattern
Checkerboard Pattern
Hollow Square Pattern
Hollow Right Triangle
Hollow Pyramid Pattern
Hollow Diamond Pattern
Hollow Hourglass Pattern
Cross Pattern
Plus Pattern
Left Arrow Pattern
Right Arrow Pattern
Heart Pattern

Code

1. Square Pattern

To print a square pattern of n x n stars, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the square. The inner loop prints a star followed by a space n times, while the outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

* * * * * 
* * * * * 
* * * * * 
* * * * * 
* * * * *

2. Right Triangle Pattern

To print a right triangle pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(i+1):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the triangle. The inner loop prints a star followed by a space i+1 times, where i is the current row number. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

* 
* * 
* * * 
* * * * 
* * * * *

3. Left Triangle Pattern

To print a left triangle pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n-i-1):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range(i+1):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the triangle. The first inner loop prints n-i-1 spaces to align the stars to the left, while the second inner loop prints a star followed by a space i+1 times. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

        * 
      * *
    * * *
  * * * *
* * * * *

4. Inverted Right Triangle Pattern

To print an inverted right triangle pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n-i):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the triangle. The inner loop prints a star followed by a space n-i times, where i is the current row number. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

* * * * * 
* * * *
* * *
* *
*

5. Inverted Left Triangle Pattern

To print an inverted left triangle pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(i):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range(n-i):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the triangle. The first inner loop prints i spaces to align the stars to the left, while the second inner loop prints a star followed by a space n-i times. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

* * * * * 
  * * * *
    * * *
      * *
        *

6. Pyramid Pattern

To print a pyramid pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n-i-1):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range(i*2+1):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the pyramid. The first inner loop prints n-i-1 spaces to center the stars, while the second inner loop prints a star followed by a space i*2+1 times. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

        * 
      * * *
    * * * * *
  * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * *

7. Inverted Pyramid Pattern

To print an inverted pyramid pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(i):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range((n-i)*2-1):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the pyramid. The first inner loop prints i spaces to center the stars, while the second inner loop prints a star followed by a space (n-i)*2-1 times. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

* * * * * * * * * 
  * * * * * * *
    * * * * *
      * * *
        *

8. Diamond Pattern

To print a diamond pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n-i-1):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range(i*2+1):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()
for i in range(n-2, -1, -1):
    for j in range(n-i-1):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range(i*2+1):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two sets of nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the diamond. The first set of loops prints the top half of the diamond, while the second set prints the bottom half. The inner loops are used to print spaces and stars in the appropriate positions.

        * 
      * * *
    * * * * *
  * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * *
  * * * * * * *
    * * * * *
      * * *
        *

9. Hourglass Pattern

To print an hourglass pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(i):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range((n-i)*2-1):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()
for i in range(1, n):
    for j in range(n-i-1):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range(i*2+1):
        print('*', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two sets of nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the hourglass. The first set of loops prints the top half of the hourglass, while the second set prints the bottom half. The inner loops are used to print spaces and stars in the appropriate positions.

* * * * * * * * * 
  * * * * * * *
    * * * * *
      * * *
        *
      * * *
    * * * * *
  * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * *

10. Checkerboard Pattern

To print a checkerboard pattern of n x n squares, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n):
        if (i+j) % 2 == 0:
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the checkerboard. The inner loop uses a conditional statement to determine whether to print a star or a space based on the current row and column numbers. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

*   *   * 
  *   *
*   *   *
  *   *
*   *   *

11. Hollow Square Pattern

To print a hollow square pattern of n x n stars, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n):
        if i == 0 or i == n-1 or j == 0 or j == n-1:
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the square. The inner loop uses a conditional statement to determine whether to print a star or a space based on the current row and column numbers. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

* * * * * 
*       *
*       *
*       *
* * * * *

12. Hollow Right Triangle

To print a hollow right triangle pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(i+1):
        if i == n-1 or j == 0 or j == i:
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the triangle. The inner loop uses a conditional statement to determine whether to print a star or a space based on the current row and column numbers. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

* 
* *
*   *
*     *
* * * * *

13. Hollow Pyramid Pattern

To print a hollow pyramid pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n-i-1):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range(i*2+1):
        if k == 0 or k == i*2 or i == n-1:
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the pyramid. The first inner loop prints n-i-1 spaces to center the stars, while the second inner loop uses a conditional statement to determine whether to print a star or a space based on the current row and column numbers. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

        * 
      *   *
    *       *
  *           *
* * * * * * * * *

14. Hollow Diamond Pattern

To print a hollow diamond pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n-i-1):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range(i*2+1):
        if k == 0 or k == i*2:
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()
for i in range(n-2, -1, -1):
    for j in range(n-i-1):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range(i*2+1):
        if k == 0 or k == i*2:
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()

        * 
      *   *
    *       *
  *           *
*               *
  *           *
    *       *
      *   *
        *

15. Hollow Hourglass Pattern

To print a hollow hourglass pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(i):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range((n-i)*2-1):
        if k == 0 or k == (n-i)*2-2 or i == 0:
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()
for i in range(1, n):
    for j in range(n-i-1):
        print(' ', end=' ')
    for k in range(i*2+1):
        if k == 0 or k == i*2:
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()

* * * * * * * * * 
  *           *
    *       *
      *   *
        *
      *   *
    *       *
  *           *
*               *

16. Cross Pattern

To print a cross pattern of n x n stars, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n):
        if i == j or j == n-i-1:
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the cross. The inner loop uses a conditional statement to determine whether to print a star or a space based on the current row and column numbers. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

*       * 
  *   *
    *
  *   *
*       *

17. Plus Pattern

To print a plus pattern of n x n stars, we can use the following code:

n = 5
for i in range(n):
    for j in range(n):
        if i == n//2 or j == n//2:
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the plus. The inner loop uses a conditional statement to determine whether to print a star or a space based on the current row and column numbers. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

    *     
    *
* * * * *
    *
    *

18. Left Arrow Pattern

To print a leftward arrow pattern of n rows using asterisks, you can use the following code:

n = 7
for i in range(n):
    if i <= n//2:
        for j in range(n//2-i):
            print(' ', end=' ')
        for k in range(i+1):
            print('*', end=' ')
    else:
        for j in range(i-n//2):
            print(' ', end=' ')
        for k in range(n-i):
            print('*', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses a for loop to iterate over the rows of the arrow pattern. The inner loops use conditional statements to determine whether to print a space or a star based on the current row number. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

      * 
    * *
  * * *
* * * *
  * * *
    * *
      *

19. Right Arrow Pattern

To print a rightward arrow pattern of n rows using asterisks, you can use the following code:

n = 7
for i in range(n):
    if i <= n//2:
        for j in range(n//2):
            print(' ', end=' ')
        for k in range(i+1):
            print('*', end=' ')
    else:
        for j in range(n//2):
            print(' ', end=' ')
        for k in range(n-i):
            print('*', end=' ')
    print()

      * 
      * *
      * * *
      * * * *
      * * *
      * *
      *

20. Heart Pattern

To print a heart pattern of n rows, we can use the following code:

for row in range(6):
    for col in range(7):
        if (row == 0 and col % 3 != 0) or (row == 1 and col % 3 == 0) or (row - col == 2) or (row + col == 8):
            print('*', end=' ')
        else:
            print(' ', end=' ')
    print()

This code uses two nested for loops to iterate over the rows and columns of the heart pattern. The inner loop uses a conditional statement to determine whether to print a star or a space based on the current row and column numbers. The outer loop moves to the next line after each row is printed.

  * *   * *   
*     *     *
*           *
  *       *
    *   *
      *

Complexity

The time complexity of these programs depends on the size of the pattern being printed.
For patterns with n rows and columns, the time complexity is generally *O(n^2) *since we need to iterate over all rows and columns.

Applications

These programs can be used for educational purposes to teach programming concepts such as loops and conditional statements.
They can also be used to create ASCII art or as part of larger programs that require pattern generation.

Questions

Can these programs be modified to print patterns using different characters?
How can we optimize these programs to run faster?
Can these programs be extended to print more complex patterns?

Conclusion

In this article at OpenGenus, we have explored 20 different Python programs that can be used to print various patterns. These programs demonstrate the versatility and power of Python as a programming language and provide a starting point for further exploration and learning.

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