In this article, we explain machine learning, software engineering and how machine learning can be used for software engineering.

TABLE OF CONTENT:

1. MACHINE LEARNING
2. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
   (HOW CAN MACHINE LEARNING BE USED IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING)

In the most important domain of the computer software industry, not a single year goes by without an innovative development. With every concept change, new software engineering objectives are presented, forcing software organizations to modify their development processes to deal with the specific characteristics of the domain.
The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities based on advances in machine learning is the most recently developed technology in the software industry. Artificial intelligence (AI) includes technologies for reasoning, problem-solving, planning, and learning.

MACHINE LEARNING

**The study of computer algorithms that may learn automatically over time and with the help of data is known as MACHINE LEARNING (ML). It is considered to be a component of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is the use and development of computer systems that can analyze and draw conclusions from data patterns using algorithms and statistical models, without being given explicit instructions.*.

Machine learning is used to create applications like Bing Search or the Cortana virtual assistant, chat-gpt, Google Bard, and meta AI, in addition to platforms like Microsoft Translator for real-time voice, video, and text translation, Cognitive Services for vision, speech, and language understanding for creating lively, conversational virtual assistants, and the Azure AI platform and AWS platform to enable customers to create their own machine learning applications. For the owners of these companies to create these software products, the owners of these companies took advantage of their companies' existing areas of specialization and applied their current AI skills.

Software Engineering difficulties can be solved with the use of a variety of approaches and tools found in machine learning (ML) settings. (SE). The choice of the ML environment to be utilized for a particular SE domain problem is difficult, though, because there are so many different configurations that could be used. It would be highly beneficial to assist software engineers in selecting the best ML environment for their needs. For instance, using ML models, it is easy to automate software testing, where the model learns program behavior and predicts potential code issues.

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Software is a program or collection of programs, that has instructions for carrying out particular tasks. Engineering is the study of how to create something effectively while keeping a specific goal in mind.
Software engineering is an analytical study and process that is systematic, well-organized, and utilized to develop, operate, and maintain software systems.

How can Machine Learning be used in Software Engineering?

The fundamental principles of standard software engineering can be modified by ML. Engineers can use machine learning for lots of activities like code optimization, testing, and deployment because it means the system can operate independently. The programmer can have extra time for more beneficial tasks if some software development processes are automated. If the right requirements and inputs are provided to the system, ML can assist in generating code. Let's explore deeper into the use of ML in software engineering.

Foundational prototyping

ML can extract the data and estimate from past and present models to develop a suitable prototype for the current project, minimizing the time and effort of the legwork, if the customer needs are known and the main concept/idea is clearly stated. In order to create a successful ML prototyping process, developers must gather and explore datasets while employing domain expertise for feature engineering.

Code structuring and review

Clean, bug-free code is required. With a natural language style, ML may be used to examine and rearrange the code to make it more understandable, consistent, and even more efficient. Since ML employs compilers to analyze programming language and automatically clean, debug, or modify a code, it may upgrade code for long-term maintenance. Even with carefully scheduled iterations, writing new code might take weeks or even months. However, ML can reduce the duration of the entire procedure to a few days. This can benefit from set-up runs, variable predictions, and training models generated with ML-enabled tools.

Writing code

With a good balance of deep learning and code structure recognition, computers can be taught to code. Developers can write the source code, but machine learning (ML) can add supporting subsets, fill in blanks in the main code, write low-level information on its own, and wrap diagrams in code. Automated ML-powered tools can find mistakes in code and remove useless code. In order for the digital product to ensure security and privacy of data as well as aid in fraud detection, ML models can assess risk, detect abnormalities, and enhance user authentication. In order to save time and resources, developers have discovered that ML can turn thousands of lines of code into only a few hundred. It could suggest that programmers could assign much of the coding process to machine learning techniques and focus on tasks that add greater value, such as analyzing data, testing results, and producing curated and improved code.

Although machine learning (ML) has the ability to learn from past experience or historical data to construct short programs or supplementary programs, it cannot develop extended programs or whole software development cycles; only human intelligence is capable of doing this.

AI and ML systems can learn from public and private GitHub or other repositories and optimize code by resolving missed problems when paired with symbolic reasoning and deep learning. When building an app or website, ML can assist with all kinds of statistical analysis and enhancement without changing or updating the source code, supporting developers with decision-making and app maintenance. After drawing conclusions from the existing code, ML tools can also autocomplete the code. Agile developers apply machine learning (ML) during each iteration to enable continuous delivery at every stage.

QA and Testing

Even though AI and machine learning now provide a far smaller contribution to autonomy, this is projected to change. They can assist with the creation and implementation of automation unit tests. Software testers can utilize ML to get outcomes that are more precise and well-defined. Smart programming assistants may self-correct code errors with the least amount of assistance from humans, read technical documentation, debug code by combing through enormous volumes of data, and read technical documentation. Tests can also be created by engineers using data that is fed to them in plain English. The ML algorithms simultaneously perform the technical requirements and shorten the time needed to manually construct a comprehensive test.

When it comes to applying ML to software engineering, consistency is key. To properly incorporate appropriate ML tools, each stage of development should be simply planned. Automation in all of its forms via ML has not yet been accomplished. The best strategy to utilize for the automation of intelligent processes (IPA) is a combination of supervised and unsupervised learning.

Some Algorithms of ML are;

1. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
2. COMPUTER VISION
3. LINEAR REGRESSION
4. LOGISTIC REGRESSION
5. Ensemble algorithms Logit boost
6. Bayesian algorithms Naive Bayes

QUESTIONS:

1. What is Machine Learning..?
2. What is a software?
3. Who is a Software engineer?
4. Name any three(3) applications of Machine Learning in Software Engineering
5. List Five(5) ML Algorithms listed above.